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Federal Charter School Program
The ''Federal Charter School Program'' was created in 1994, as an amendment to the Elementary and Secondary Education Act. The purpose of the program is to provide federal funding to state or local education agencies that manage the development and execution of charter schools within the USA.
== Historical Context ==
A charter is simply the “grant of authority or rights, stating that the granter formally recognizes the prerogative of the recipient to exercise the rights specified.” In other words, a charter is the approval of one party to another party's application to exercise rights. A charter school then, is simply a school that applies to exercise certain actions and are granted that right by an authority (usually a local or state education agency.) Charter school supporters argue that the increased autonomy of charter schools allows for more effective management, and a louder voice for stakeholders that can shape how charter schools are run.
The term “charter schools” was first brought into the public eye when “delegates to the 1988 national convention of the American Federation of Teachers () ‘proposed that local school boards and unions jointly develop a procedure that would enable teams of teachers and others to submit and implement proposals to set up their own autonomous public schools within their school buildings...’” Ray Budde had introduced the idea earlier that year in his publication “Education by Charter: Restructuring School Districts,” in which he suggested that faculty or administrators could develop charters for specific programs within schools; the idea of developing actual charter schools stemmed from his original proposal. However, Albert Shanker transformed the idea into creating entire charter-based schools while he was president of the American Federation of Teachers, from 1974 to 1997.
In 1991, Minnesota opened the first charter school. California followed suit in 1992. In January 2007, over 3,600 charter schools, with more than 1 million students, were operating. By the 2014-2015 school year, that number had jumped to 6,700 public charter schools enrolling about 2.9 million students.〔http://www.charterschoolcenter.org/resource/estimated-number-public-charter-schools-students-2014-2015〕 Today, 41 states and the District of Columbia have passed charter school legislation. Generally, states that are poorer and have more powerful teachers’ unions lobbying groups are less likely to pass charter school legislations. Higher income populations are more likely to organize and successfully lobby for charter school legislation.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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